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EyeTracking for deception detection

Nowadays, the cases of intentional mental and behavioral counteraction by examinee’s, while conducting a psychophysiological detection of deception using computer polygraph (herein after – “PDD”) growing more frequently. 

In practice, these polygraph countermeasures are used both by current employees of companies and by applicants for positions and of course in the field of intelligence.

What is eyetracking?

What is eyetracking?

Eye tracking is a technology that allows tracking and analyzing the movement of a person’s eyes. Based on oculography methods, this approach is used to study how people perceive information, interact with their environment, and make decisions.

Video

Video analysis of oculomotor reactions

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How does eyetracking work?

How does eyetracking work?

The eye tracking method involves the use of specialized cameras and sensors that record eye movements. These devices can determine exactly where a person is looking by capturing their gaze on specific objects or areas of the screen. Data is collected and analyzed using software, allowing me as a researcher to obtain information about which elements attract attention, how much time an asset spends on each of them, and the sequence of their gaze. The method of oculography in my psychophysiological researches helps to identify patterns in human behavior and reactions to stimuli.

Eye trackers use infrared light sources directed at the eyes and cameras that capture the reflection to determine the direction of the gaze. This allows for the creation of heat maps and gaze movement lines, which show which elements users focus on.

  • 1. Gaze fixation: People who lie may more often avoid direct eye contact or, conversely, fix their gaze for too long, trying to convince others of their truthfulness.
  • 2. Blinking frequency: Liars may exhibit an increase in blinking frequency due to high stress level and tension.
  • 3. Eye movement: Liars may demonstrate more chaotic eye movements as they try to fabricate or recall details of their lie.
  • 4. Pupils: An increase in pupil size may be associated with increased cognitive load, which is often observed in people who are lying.
  • 5. Reaction time: Liars may have a longer reaction time when answering questions, as they need time to misuse a truthful response.

It is important to note that these signs are not absolute indicators of lying, and their interpretation requires a comprehensive analysis in combination with other methods and the context of the situation. Eyetracking is just one of the tools that can be used in such scientifically approaches.

What results can be obtained?

The results of researches using eyetracking can be quite diverse. For example, in the field of lie detection, the eye tracking method allows for the identification of discrepancies between verbal and non-verbal signals. Research, my as well, shows that when attempting to deceive, a person may exhibit certain behavioral patterns, such as avoiding eye contact or frequent blinking. Thus, eye tracking is a powerful tool for a deep understanding of human behavior and making more informed decisions in various fields.

about Verum

New generation “VERUM” polygraph

Today, VERUM is a multifunctional software and hardware new generation complex for contactless lie detection, created by Russian specialists.

Production is localized on the territory of the Russian Federation. Declarations of compliance with the EAEU standards have been received. For more information about EyeTracking, please visit the manufacturer’s website via the link:
https://verum.llc/

Information about “VERUM” is published as part of the specialist's partner program with LLC “Verum.”
EyeTracking method advantages
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advantages

Classic polygraph registers electrodermal, cardiovascular and respiration reactions, so psychophysiological changes, which demonstrate strong emotional response while answering to test questions. VERUM measures changes in pupil size and eye movement dynamics, which reflect the brain’s mental efforts as a person reads and answers questions.

The “ODT” is based on the assumption that lying is cognitively more demanding that telling the truth. The recruitment of mental resources to accomplish additional cognitive and meta-cognitive activities could account for the observed impact on pupil dilation, eye movements, response time and error rates. However, the data suggest that guilty participants invest more mental effort in answering relevant statements quickly and accurately in attempt to avoid detection. VERUM can be used both independently and in conjunction with a classic polygraph and is an ideal tool for improving accuracy, objective control and building a coherent barrier.

According to polygraph examiners, who already use “ODT” in pre-employment screening of huge number of workers or job candidates, it is better firstly to use VERUM, and then, according to the obtained data, use a classic polygraph to test a deceptive person. It gives a faster and more accurate result; the percentage of errors is reduced to zero.

EyeTracking

“The eyes are the windows to the soul”

Have you ever wondered why there are such phrases as “He has shifty eyes”, “She has inviting eyes”. Chances are that these phrases are referring to the size of a person’s pupils and their gaze (fixed look). Your pupils not only respond to light and dark but also your moods. A person who is excited and positive will have dilated (enlarged) pupils, sometimes up to four times their normal size. Conversely, angry and negative moods cause the pupils to constrict.

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    ABOUT SPECIALIST
    Ткаченко Виталий
    VITALII TKACHENKO
    Polygraph specialist

    Retired police lieutenant colonel. In 2007, I received a degree of mathematician from the St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University "LETI", specializing in computer security; and in 2012 - a law degree from St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, specializing in law enforcement. I am fluent in English, can read and translate Spanish.

    Besides, I received training as a polygraph examiner at the National School of Lie Detection and participated in the ISOPE international conference of polygraph examiners. I worked at the Bureau of Special Technical Events under the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region.

    I have a total experience of over 2000 psychophysiological examinations with a polygraph for law enforcement agencies and commercial companies. Since 2020 I have been working as an independent polygraph specialist.

    CERTIFICATES AND LICENSES
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    EDUCATION
    QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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    FAQ
    What’s about the accuracy?
    In 2018, a method developed in the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation (O. Zhbankova, V. Gusev) for assessing a person's psychoemotional state based on video oculography showed 80 % accuracy in deception detection. Developed by foreign experts Kircher & Raskin, University of Utah, US), EyeDetect technology shows an accuracy of 88 -91 % for deception indicating. In 2021 LLC “Verum” conducted their own field experiments, which consistently demonstrate 90 % accuracy of the method.
    Who could be examinate?
    Anyone can pass an “ODT”. It is not recommended to take the ocular-motor deception test if there are pathologies or visual impairment, as well as health disorders, when person cannot read from a monitor screen, as well as if the subject is physically, mentally exhausted, drowned or overexcited, when the examinee cannot coordinate his movements and his cognitive abilities. Test is prohibited if a mental illness of the subject is established, as well as if there is information or obvious signs of the use of psychoactive substances or alcohol, because it is negatively affected to the eye movement or pupil dilation.
    How much the examination costs?
    Please leave a request on our website to order an EyeTracking. The cost of one test is 50 EUR. Currently, the specialist has been trained of VERUM complex usage, bought a/m specified hardware and software and is ready to perform the examinations using EyeTracking technology both in Russia and worldwide.
    How long does it take?
    Due to an optimized convergence of testing protocols the duration of test is starts from 15 minutes. In contrast to the polygraph, the ODT is automated and can be completed in approximately 40 minutes.
    Is it real to beat EyeTracking?
    It is noteworthy, that testing technology itself involve a quick change of questions (pseudo-random sequencing) within 5-10 seconds, so participant cannot adjust his brain to make the desired reaction. And if VERUM notices signs of contractions, it immediately changes the question to the next one. If the interviewee closed his eyes or squinted them, the algorithm gives the result that the person did not pass the test due to a large loss of data, and the polygraph examiner who controls the testing process makes appropriate notes in the report. If a person answer questions randomly or press the same button, algorithm shows this as a counteraction. With specialized training and practice, polygraph tests can be defeated (Charles R. Honts, 2012). To date, there have been no attempts to investigate effects of countermeasures on the “ODT”.
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